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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Sublimation is the direct transformation of a solid to a gaseous state. For instance, at standard pressure and room temperature, solid carbon dioxide sublimes to gaseous carbon dioxide. The phase diagram depicts the conditions required for sublimation. This process occurs at the solid-gas phase boundary and is not observed above the triple point of the substance. The reverse of sublimation is called deposition, where a gaseous substance condenses directly into a solid. Sublimation and...
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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Blood plasma is a fluid that contains approximately 92% water and 8% solutes. The solutes include various types of proteins, which constitute about 7% of the total solutes in the plasma. The high-molecular-weight proteins—albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen—are essential to plasma function. Albumins, making up about 60% of the plasma proteins, maintain the osmotic balance within blood vessels by preventing excessive water leakage. Additionally, albumins serve as carrier proteins,...
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An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation
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Dried plasma: state of the science and recent developments.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Sciences
  • Biotechnology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Early plasma transfusion is critical for traumatic hemorrhage survival.
  • Logistical challenges limit timely plasma availability in remote or austere environments.
  • Historical dried plasma products faced issues with disease transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history, current state, and recent developments of dried plasma products.
  • To highlight the need for a logistically feasible dried plasma product for widespread use.
  • To assess the potential of modern dried plasma for improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical data on dried plasma use in military conflicts.
  • Analysis of modern manufacturing techniques including drying, pathogen reduction, and pooling.
  • Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo data for safety and efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Modern safety methods allow for the production of safe and effective dried plasma.
  • Dried plasma products are available internationally but not yet in the US.
  • Promising new products are under development with various innovative approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Dried plasma has significant potential to improve patient survival in resource-limited settings.
  • Overcoming existing challenges could lead to the wider adoption of dried plasma.
  • Further development and regulatory approval are key for US availability.