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Related Experiment Video

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Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice

Published on: October 10, 2025

Infant mortality in the United States.

J M Lorenz¹, C V Ananth^2,3, R A Polin¹

¹Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association

|April 22, 2016

Summary

The US infant mortality rate (IMR) is high, especially for Black infants, due to preterm births and socioeconomic factors. Improving social services and healthcare access can reduce IMR and racial disparities.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Socioeconomic Determinants of Health
Perinatal Epidemiology

Background:

The United States exhibits a high infant mortality rate (IMR) compared to other developed nations.
Significant racial disparities exist in US IMR, with Black infants experiencing more than double the mortality rate of White infants.
High preterm birth rates and elevated IMR among term infants contribute to the overall US IMR and racial disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the factors contributing to the high infant mortality rate (IMR) and racial disparities in the United States.
To investigate the role of socioeconomic status and healthcare access in US infant mortality.
To identify potential interventions for reducing infant mortality and racial inequities.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of infant mortality rates (IMR) across racial groups in the US.
Examination of preterm birth rates and IMR among term infants.
Review of socioeconomic factors, healthcare access, and social expenditures in relation to health outcomes.

Main Results:

The US IMR in 2013 was 6.0 per 1000 live births, ranking poorly among developed countries.
The IMR for Black infants was 11.11 per 1000 live births, compared to 5.06 for White infants.
Disadvantaged socioeconomic status disproportionately affects health determinants, impacting the poor most significantly.

Conclusions:

Factors beyond healthcare, particularly disadvantaged socioeconomic status, significantly contribute to the high US IMR and racial disparities.
Improving access to quality healthcare and increasing social expenditures are crucial for reducing infant mortality and racial inequities.
Addressing socioeconomic determinants is essential for improving overall public health outcomes and achieving health equity.