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Surfactant induced autophobing.

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A novel phenomenon called autophobing, where aqueous drops retract on hydrophilic surfaces, is caused by fatty acid deposition from oil. This surfactant adsorption alters wetting properties and contact angles, offering new insights into interfacial phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Surfactant adsorption significantly impacts wetting properties in three-phase systems.
  • Understanding interfacial phenomena is crucial for diverse applications, including enhanced oil recovery and microfluidics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and characterize a previously unobserved phenomenon: the retraction of aqueous drops on hydrophilic substrates in the presence of fatty acids in oil (autophobing).
  • To elucidate the mechanism of fatty acid deposition from the oil phase onto the solid substrate by the moving contact line.
  • To explore the factors influencing this autophobing phenomenon, including surfactant and solute concentrations, fatty acid chain length, and substrate type.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to confirm surfactant deposition on the solid substrate.
  • Systematic variation of fatty acid concentrations, aqueous solute concentrations, fatty acid chain lengths, alkane solvents, and silica/mica substrates.
  • Development of a theoretical model based on adsorption kinetics and mass flux balance to describe contact angle evolution.

Main Results:

  • Observed and confirmed the autophobing phenomenon: aqueous drop retraction on hydrophilic surfaces due to fatty acid deposition.
  • Demonstrated that deposited fatty acids render the substrate more hydrophobic, increasing the contact angle.
  • Identified the formation of a reaction product between deprotonated fatty acids and Ca(2+) ions as key to the deposition process.
  • Found the phenomenon to be generic across various fatty acids, solvents, and substrates (silica and mica).

Conclusions:

  • Fatty acid deposition from an ambient oil phase onto hydrophilic substrates causes aqueous drop retraction (autophobing).
  • The process is driven by surfactant adsorption at the oil-water interface and subsequent transfer to the solid, altering surface wettability.
  • A theoretical model successfully captures the contact angle evolution, highlighting the importance of adsorption kinetics and mass transfer.