Group A Streptococcal Infection in Pregnancy and the Puerperium

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Infectious Diseases
• Maternal Health

Background:

• Invasive group A streptococcal disease (GAS) incidence has risen globally in pregnant and postpartum women over 30 years.
• GAS was a primary cause of maternal sepsis mortality before hand hygiene was recognized as a preventive measure.
• Transmission risks include asymptomatic healthcare providers, other patients, and community sources.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the increasing incidence of invasive GAS in pregnancy and the puerperal period.
• To emphasize the importance of recognizing maternal physiological changes for early GAS symptom identification.
• To underscore the critical role of prompt intervention and established treatment guidelines for maternal sepsis.

Main Methods:

• Review of global incidence trends of invasive group A streptococcal disease.
• Analysis of transmission routes and risk factors in obstetric patients.
• Application of Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for treatment protocols.

Main Results:

• Invasive GAS remains a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide.
• Early identification of signs and symptoms, aided by understanding physiological changes, is vital.
• Collaborative perinatal team intervention improves maternal outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Hand washing is fundamental in preventing GAS transmission in healthcare settings.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment, guided by established sepsis protocols, are essential for improving maternal survival.
• Despite advances, invasive GAS continues to be a significant cause of maternal death globally.