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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Androgen Control in Prostate Cancer.

Vasiliki Pelekanou1, Elias Castanas2

  • 1Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|April 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Androgen receptors (AR) are crucial in prostate cancer, yet underutilized as biomarkers. Implementing AR evaluation in diagnostics can optimize patient selection and treatment for precision medicine.

Keywords:
ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPYANDROGEN RECEPTORBIOMARKERSCASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCERPROSTATE CANCER

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Prostate cancer research has advanced significantly, improving genetic understanding and risk stratification.
  • Molecular classification and new histologic entities offer potential for personalized patient management.
  • Current localized prostate cancer treatments range from observation to radical prostatectomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the central role of androgen receptors (AR) in prostate cancer biology and treatment.
  • To emphasize the underutilization of AR as a biomarker despite its clinical relevance.
  • To advocate for the implementation of AR evaluation in diagnostics for precision medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research in prostate cancer genetics and risk stratification.
  • Analysis of the role of androgen receptors in prostate cancer development and treatment resistance.
  • Discussion of diagnostic strategies for precision medicine in prostate cancer.

Main Results:

  • Androgen receptors (AR) are pivotal in prostate cancer, remaining a druggable target even in castration-resistant forms.
  • Despite AR's significance, it is paradoxically neglected as a clinical biomarker.
  • Advancements necessitate improved clinical and translational data for patient selection and treatment optimization.

Conclusions:

  • AR evaluation should be integrated into companion and complementary diagnostics.
  • Implementing AR diagnostics supports precision medicine-guided clinical management of prostate cancer.
  • Further research and data are crucial for optimizing patient treatment strategies.