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Estimation of low-altitude moving target trajectory using single acoustic array.

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A novel acoustic method estimates low-altitude aircraft flight paths using Doppler shifts and phase shifts from stationary microphones. This approach accurately determines trajectory, even with noise and signal delays.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Estimating aircraft trajectories typically requires complex sensor networks.
  • Low-altitude flight path tracking presents unique challenges due to proximity and potential signal interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel acoustic-signature based method for estimating low-altitude aircraft flight trajectories.
  • To develop an algorithm utilizing Doppler shifts and acoustic phase shifts for trajectory estimation.
  • To validate the method's performance through simulations and field experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Doppler shifts in engine sound to determine closest point of approach (CPA) distance, time, and speed.
  • Employing acoustic phase shifts across a stationary microphone array to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA).
  • Combining CPA and DOA parameters for a total least squares estimate of the trajectory, assuming constant height, direction, and speed.

Main Results:

  • The algorithm provides a robust estimation of flight trajectory under specified assumptions.
  • Analytical bounds for performance degradation due to noise were derived and validated.
  • Estimation errors caused by signal propagation delay were analyzed and confirmed via simulation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed acoustic-signature based method offers a viable solution for low-altitude aircraft trajectory estimation.
  • The method demonstrates effectiveness and accuracy through extensive simulations and real-world field data validation.
  • This technique provides a cost-effective alternative using only a stationary microphone array.