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Related Experiment Videos

Processing redundant signals: coactivation, divided attention, or what?

C W Eriksen, B Goettl, J D St James

    Perception & Psychophysics
    |April 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study investigated reaction time (RT) gains when visual targets are repeated. Results indicate that repeated or multiple targets yield similar RT gains, suggesting a single focus of attention processes visual information serially.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Human Information Processing
    • Visual Attention

    Background:

    • Redundancy gain in reaction time (RT) is observed when a target stimulus is presented in multiple modalities or locations.
    • The current understanding of whether attention can be simultaneously directed to separate visual locations remains debated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the phenomenon of redundancy gain in reaction time (RT) under conditions of repeated visual targets.
    • To examine the implications of redundancy gains for theories of visual attention, specifically regarding simultaneous attention to multiple locations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a two-alternative forced-choice reaction time (RT) paradigm with two capital letters as target stimuli.
    • Compared RTs across four conditions: single-target, repeated-target, target with noise, and both-targets presented simultaneously.

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    Main Results:

    • Reaction time (RT) was fastest for single-target displays and slowest for displays with a target and a noise letter.
    • No significant RT difference was found between repeated-target and both-targets conditions.
    • Both repeated-target and both-targets conditions demonstrated a redundancy gain compared to the target-plus-noise condition.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest that a unitary attentional focus, which processes visual information serially, effectively explains the observed pattern of results.
    • The lack of response competition in the both-targets condition supports a model of focused, sequential processing rather than parallel processing of multiple targets.