Electrical Injuries in Animals: Causes, Pathogenesis, and Morphological Findings

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Pathology
• Toxicology
• Animal Electrophysiology

Background:

• Electrical injuries are common accidental events in animals.
• Exposure involves various current types (alternating, direct) and parameters (voltage, duration).
• Animal factors like coat condition and current pathway influence injury severity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To detail the spectrum of lesions associated with electrical injuries in animals.
• To highlight the diagnostic challenges and necessary investigations for these cases.
• To inform veterinary professionals on recognizing and managing electrical trauma.

Main Methods:

• Review of reported cases and literature on animal electrical injuries.
• Morphological examination of affected tissues and organs.
• Correlation of injury patterns with electrical parameters and environmental factors.

Main Results:

• Injuries range from absent lesions to severe thermoelectrical burns and internal damage (necrosis, thrombosis, fractures).
• Lightning strikes present unique patterns, including step potential injuries.
• Metallization of skin, singed hair/feathers, and keraunographic markings are characteristic signs.
• Internal injuries include muscle necrosis, hemolysis, vascular damage, CNS trauma, and skeletal fractures.

Conclusions:

• Electrical injuries in animals exhibit a wide range of presentations, from subtle to catastrophic.
• Accurate diagnosis requires detailed case history, environmental assessment, and thorough pathological workup.
• Recognizing the diverse lesion spectrum is vital for effective veterinary intervention and prognosis.