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Related Experiment Video

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Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
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Snacking Among US Children: Patterns Differ by Time of Day.

Dantong Wang1, Klazine van der Horst1, Emma Jacquier1

  • 1Public Health Nutrition, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
|April 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Children's snacking provides 25% of daily energy. Nutrient-dense morning snacks are best, but afternoon choices can be improved for better child nutrition.

Keywords:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveychildnutrientssnackstime of day

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Dietary Habits Research
  • Public Health Nutrition

Background:

  • Snacking significantly contributes to children's daily energy and nutrient intake.
  • Understanding snacking patterns is crucial for addressing childhood nutrition.
  • Previous research indicates variability in snack composition and timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the foods, beverages, energy, and nutrient densities of snacks consumed by children in the US.
  • To analyze snacking behaviors across morning, afternoon, and evening periods.
  • To identify age-specific differences in children's snacking patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2012).
  • Analyzed self-reported snack intake for 3,647 children aged 4-13 years.
  • Categorized snacks into morning (0:00-12:00), afternoon (12:00-18:00), and evening (18:00-24:00) periods.

Main Results:

  • Snacking accounted for 25% of daily energy intake in both analyzed age groups.
  • Water, non-alcoholic beverages, sweets, milk, dairy, and fruit were the most frequently consumed snack items.
  • The morning snack period was the most nutrient-dense, particularly for 4- to 8-year-olds.

Conclusions:

  • Snacking is a critical component of children's diets, influencing overall energy and nutrient intake.
  • The nutritional quality of children's diets can be enhanced by optimizing snack choices, especially during the afternoon.
  • Dietary recommendations should consider the time of day and age-specific variations in children's snacking behaviors.