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Bio-inspired nano tools for neuroscience.

Suradip Das1, Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte2, James W Fawcett2

  • 1Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.

Progress in Neurobiology
|April 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Nanomaterials offer novel solutions for nervous system challenges, overcoming physiological barriers like the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for improved neuro-diagnostics and neuro-therapy. This review explores advanced nanomaterial applications in neuroscience, addressing both potential and concerns.

Keywords:
Bio-inspiredBrain inspired computingNanotechnologyNeural electrodeNeuro-imagingNeuroregenerationNeuroscienceScaffolds

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Physiological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hinder nervous system research and treatment.
  • Limited regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems complicates functional recovery after injury.
  • Reactive astrocytes create a hostile CNS environment, further impeding neural repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in understanding nervous system physiological obstacles.
  • To explore innovations in advanced nanomaterial design and fabrication for neuroscience.
  • To discuss the development of nanomaterials for neuro-diagnostics, neuro-therapy, and nano-devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on nanomaterial applications in neuroscience.
  • Analysis of nanomaterial properties, including BBB penetration and axonal guidance.
  • Discussion of nanomaterial-inspired computational systems and potential toxicity/ethical concerns.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles can be surface-modified to cross the BBB for neuro-imaging and drug delivery.
  • Nanofibers offer tunable topography for guiding axonal regeneration.
  • Nanotechnology platforms show potential for opto-electronic, electrophysiological, and computational applications in neuroscience.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomaterials present significant opportunities for advancing neuro-diagnostics, neuro-therapy, and neural interfacing.
  • Addressing toxicity and ethical concerns is crucial for the safe and effective implementation of nanotechnology in the brain.
  • Continued research into nanomaterial-brain interactions will unlock the full potential of nanotechnology in neuroscience.