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Oral mycoses and other opportunistic infections in HIV: therapy and emerging problems - a workshop report

K M Vidya1, U K Rao2, W Nittayananta3,4,5

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Sathyabama University Dental College, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India.

Oral Diseases
|April 26, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Opportunistic fungal infections, including high Candida counts, remain prevalent in individuals with HIV, even with antiretroviral therapy. Antifungal resistance and increased deep fungal infections pose significant challenges, necessitating new therapeutic strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Opportunistic mycoses are common in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has altered but not eliminated these infections.
  • Fungal infections like candidiasis, histoplasmosis, and penicilliosis persist in HIV patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate therapeutic options and challenges for opportunistic infections in HIV.
  • To assess evolving patterns of fungal infections in the context of ART.
  • To highlight the increasing prevalence of Candida and non-Candida albicans in HIV-positive individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Workshop evaluation of therapeutic options and infection patterns.
  • Review of clinical data on fungal infections in HIV.
  • Analysis of antifungal resistance trends.

Main Results:

  • High Candida counts and infections remain prevalent in HIV patients despite ART.
  • Non-Candida albicans species are identified in some HIV-positive individuals.
  • Deep fungal infections (candidemia, histoplasmosis, penicilliosis) are increasing, with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Antifungal resistance rates range from 6% to 36% due to long-term drug exposure.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay of host factors and fungal virulence dictates clinical outcomes in HIV.
  • Advances in antifungal therapy have not significantly reduced mortality/morbidity from deep fungal infections.
  • Development of novel antifungal agents, alternative therapies, and immune enhancement strategies are crucial.
Keywords:
CandidaHIVantifungal therapyopportunistic infections

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