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Socialization in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina).

Julie M Worlein1, Rose Kroeker1, Grace H Lee1

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Socializing laboratory macaques requires understanding compatibility. Adult pairs and early aggression predict lower compatibility, while injuries are more common in full contact. Careful introductions improve primate welfare.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior and welfare
  • Animal socialization strategies
  • Laboratory animal management

Background:

  • Regulatory agencies emphasize socialization for laboratory primates.
  • Behavioral management programs need effective socialization methods.
  • Data on macaque compatibility and injury risk is crucial for safe introductions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors of compatibility and injury risk in pigtailed macaque social introductions.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral introduction score (BIS) in assessing macaque social compatibility.
  • To compare compatibility and injury rates between protected and full contact pairings.

Main Methods:

  • Monitored 674 pairs of pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) over 7 years.
  • Gradually increased tactile contact during pair introductions, assigning a daily behavioral introduction score (BIS).
  • Assessed compatibility based on BIS and technologist judgment, progressing to continuous contact.

Main Results:

  • 75% of pairs were compatible in protected contact; 98% of those transitioned to full contact remained compatible.
  • Adult pairs, lower BIS, and aggression/injury during introduction predicted decreased compatibility.
  • Aggression and negative BIS on day 1, and grooming on day 1, predicted injuries during introduction.

Conclusions:

  • Species-specific data is essential for guiding primate social introductions.
  • Protected contact introductions are safer, but injury rates increase significantly in full contact.
  • Behavioral introduction scores and careful monitoring enhance the safety and efficiency of macaque socialization.