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Foams stabilized with solid particles carrying stimuli-responsive polymer hairs.

S Nakayama1, S Hamasaki1, K Ueno1

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Stimuli-responsive polymer particles effectively stabilize aqueous foams in basic conditions. Longer polymer "hairs" enhance foam stability, while acidic conditions destabilize the foam by altering particle properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Particulate stabilizers are crucial for creating stable foams.
  • Stimuli-responsive polymers offer tunable properties for interfacial applications.
  • Polystyrene (PS) particles with poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDEA) hairs present a novel approach to foam stabilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize submicrometer PS particles with stimuli-responsive PDEA hairs.
  • To investigate the efficacy of these hairy particles as stabilizers for aqueous foams.
  • To explore the influence of PDEA hair length, particle concentration, and pH on foamability and foam stability.

Main Methods:

  • Dispersion polymerization was used to synthesize PS particles with varying PDEA hair lengths (degrees of polymerization 30, 60, 90).
  • Foamability, foam stability, and foam microstructure were evaluated under different pH conditions and particle concentrations.
  • Foam destabilization was induced using HCl vapor to study the stimuli-responsive behavior.

Main Results:

  • The PDEA-PS particles effectively stabilized aqueous foams in basic media (pH > 7) where PDEA hairs are uncharged.
  • Foamability and stability significantly increased with longer PDEA hairs, with foams persisting over a month.
  • Foams were unstable in acidic media (pH < 7) due to protonation and water solubility of PDEA hairs.
  • Optimal particle concentration for foam stabilization was found to be up to 10 wt% using a touch mixer, while a homogenizer allowed stable foams at 40 wt% concentration.
  • Foam defoamation was successfully induced by exposure to HCl vapor, leading to hair protonation and particle desorption.

Conclusions:

  • Stimuli-responsive PDEA-PS particles are effective foam stabilizers in aqueous systems, particularly in basic conditions.
  • The length of the PDEA hairs plays a critical role in enhancing foamability and long-term foam stability.
  • The pH-dependent behavior of PDEA hairs allows for controlled foam formation and destabilization, offering tunable interfacial properties.