Skin Temperature Over the Carotid Artery, an Accurate Non-invasive Estimation of Near Core Temperature
Farsad Imani1, Hamid Reza Karimi Rouzbahani1, Mehrdad Goudarzi1
1Department of Anesthesia, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Insights
This study developed a model to estimate children's core body temperature using carotid artery skin temperature. This offers a safer, more accessible method for monitoring during anesthesia, reducing hypothermia risks.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Anesthesiology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Thermoregulation Research
Background:
- Continuous body temperature monitoring is critical during pediatric anesthesia.
- Anesthesia increases hypothermia risk by 3-4x in children, leading to higher morbidity and mortality.
- Core body temperature measurement sites are often inaccessible, necessitating near-core monitoring like rectal temperature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure skin temperature over the carotid artery and compare it with rectal temperature.
- To develop a model for accurate estimation of near-core body temperature in children.
Main Methods:
- 124 children (2-6 years) undergoing elective surgery were studied.
- Rectal and carotid artery skin temperatures were measured and analyzed in modeling and validation groups.
- A regression model was derived to predict rectal temperature from carotid artery temperature.
Main Results:
- The derived model: Rectum temperature = (Carotid temperature × 0.561) + 16.583.
- Predicted rectal temperatures showed no significant difference compared to measured values in the validation group (P = 0.361).
Conclusions:
- This study introduces a novel, non-invasive method for estimating near-core body temperature in children.
- Measuring skin temperature over the carotid artery provides a safe and accessible alternative for monitoring children's temperature during anesthesia.
Background:
During anesthesia, continuous body temperature monitoring is essential, especially in children. Anesthesia can increase the risk of loss of body temperature by three to four times. Hypothermia in children results in increased morbidity and mortality. Since the measurement points of the core body temperature are not easily accessible, near core sites, like rectum, are used.
Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to measure skin temperature over the carotid artery and compare it with the rectum temperature, in order to propose a model for accurate estimation of near core body temperature.
Patients And Methods:
Totally, 124 patients within the age range of 2 - 6 years, undergoing elective surgery, were selected. Temperature of rectum and skin over the carotid artery was measured. Then, the patients were randomly divided into two groups (each including 62 subjects), namely modeling (MG) and validation groups (VG). First, in the modeling group, the average temperature of the rectum and skin over the carotid artery were measured separately. The appropriate model was determined, according to the significance of the model's coefficients. The obtained model was used to predict the rectum temperature in the second group (VG group). Correlation of the predicted values with the real values (the measured rectum temperature) in the second group was investigated. Also, the difference in the average values of these two groups was examined in terms of significance.
Results:
In the modeling group, the average rectum and carotid temperatures were 36.47 ± 0.54°C and 35.45 ± 0.62°C, respectively. The final model was obtained, as follows: Carotid temperature × 0.561 + 16.583 = Rectum temperature. The predicted value was calculated based on the regression model and then compared with the measured rectum value, which showed no significant difference (P = 0.361).
Conclusions:
The present study was the first research, in which rectum temperature was compared with that of skin over carotid artery, to find a safe location with easier access and higher accuracy for estimating near core body temperature. Results obtained in this study showed that, using a model, it is possible to evaluate near core body temperature in children, by measuring skin temperature over carotid artery.
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