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Related Concept Videos

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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Human Virome01:26

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The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry
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Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry

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Recent advances in understanding norovirus pathogenesis.

Stephanie M Karst1, Scott A Tibbetts1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

Journal of Medical Virology
|April 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human noroviruses cause widespread gastroenteritis. Recent research reveals how M cells and gut bacteria contribute to norovirus infection and persistence, highlighting virus-host-microbiome interactions.

Keywords:
cell culturesdigestive systemmodel organisms

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Noroviruses are highly infectious human pathogens causing significant global gastroenteritis.
  • Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms of norovirus pathogenesis and persistent infection remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding norovirus cell tropism.
  • To review the role of M cells and commensal bacteria in facilitating norovirus infection.
  • To discuss viral, host, and bacterial factors influencing persistent norovirus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research findings.
  • Analysis of studies on norovirus-host interactions.
  • Examination of the role of the gut microbiome in norovirus infection.

Main Results:

  • Norovirus infection involves complex interactions between the virus, host immune system, and commensal bacteria.
  • M cells and specific commensal bacteria can promote norovirus entry and infection.
  • Specific viral, host, and bacterial factors are critical for establishing persistent norovirus infections.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between norovirus, host immunity, and the microbiome is crucial for developing effective control strategies.
  • Targeting M cells or the gut microbiota may offer new avenues for preventing or treating norovirus infections.
  • Further research into the determinants of persistent norovirus infections is warranted.