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Muscle adaptive changes in post-polio subjects.

G Grimby1, G Einarsson, M Hedberg

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gothenburg University, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
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Post-polio syndrome can lead to significant muscle weakness, characterized by enlarged muscle fibers and a higher proportion of type I fibers, especially in women. This study links muscle strength to fiber type and size in polio survivors.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Post-polio syndrome (PPS) affects individuals decades after initial poliovirus infection.
  • PPS is characterized by a decline in muscle function and strength.
  • Understanding the underlying muscle changes in PPS is crucial for managing the condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between muscle strength, fiber type composition, and fiber morphology in individuals with post-polio syndrome.
  • To analyze morphometric, histopathological, and enzymatic characteristics of vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in PPS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Muscle strength of knee extension was measured using Cybex dynamometry.
  • Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were analyzed for morphometric, histopathological, and enzymatic properties.

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  • Data from 19 post-polio subjects and 10 healthy male controls were compared.

    • Main Results:

    • A high percentage of type I fibers (>70%) was observed in some post-polio subjects.
    • Significant negative correlations were found between muscle strength and type I fiber percentage in women.
    • Large mean muscle fiber cross-sectional areas (8 x 10^3 µm²) were noted, correlating negatively with strength in men, suggesting compensatory hypertrophy.
    • Histopathology revealed single atrophic fibers and internal nuclei in many subjects.
    • Enzymatic analysis showed low citrate synthase activity but normal glycolytic enzyme activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Muscle weakness in post-polio syndrome is associated with specific fiber type distributions and structural changes.
    • Compensatory hypertrophy of remaining muscle fibers may occur in response to reduced muscle strength.
    • Further research is needed to understand the long-term implications of these muscle alterations in polio survivors.