What We Can Really Do with Bioresponsive MRI Contrast Agents

Bioresponsive MRI contrast agents hold great promise for monitoring major physiological and pathological processes in a non-invasive manner. They are capable of altering the acquired MRI signal as a consequence of changes in their microenvironment, thus allowing real-time functional reporting in living organisms. Importantly, chemistry offers diverse solutions for the design of agents which respond to a great number of specific targets. However, the path to the successful utilization of these biomarkers in the desired functional MRI studies involves careful consideration of multiple scientific, technical, and practical issues across various research disciplines. This Minireview highlights the critical steps for planning and executing such multidisciplinary projects with an aim to substantially improve our knowledge of essential biological processes.