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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.1K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview

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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Autonomic Nervous System01:22

Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

3.0K
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
3.0K
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments
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Introduction to autoimmune neurology.

Sean J Pittock1, Angela Vincent2

  • 1Departments of Laboratory Medicine/Pathology and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune neurology is a rapidly advancing field targeting glial and neuronal cells. Many autoimmune neurological disorders are treatable and reversible, offering new hope for patients.

Keywords:
AutoantibodiesAutoimmune NeurologyCancerParaneoplasticT-Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The nervous system comprises approximately 500 billion glia and a similar number of diverse neurons.
  • These cells express numerous potential targets for the immune system, leading to autoimmune responses.
  • Historically, neurologists were perceived primarily as diagnosticians, with limited treatment options for many conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the emerging subspecialty of autoimmune neurology.
  • To highlight the potential implications of immune system targeting of neural cells.
  • To emphasize the treatable and reversible nature of many autoimmune neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of the historical development of autoimmune neurology.
  • Tabulation of authors and content across various chapters.
  • Discussion of current challenges within the field.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmune neurology has emerged as a significant subspecialty.
  • Recognition of numerous treatable and reversible autoimmune neurological conditions.
  • Shift in perspective regarding the neurologist's role in treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune neurology represents a paradigm shift in neurological care.
  • The field offers significant potential for improving patient outcomes.
  • Continued research and clinical focus are crucial for addressing ongoing challenges.