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Related Concept Videos

The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

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Overview
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Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
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Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers01:23

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers

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Drug distribution in the body is intricately regulated by various physiological barriers that control the passage of substances. These include the capillary endothelial barrier, the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid, blood-placental, and blood-testis barriers.
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The blood-brain barrier.

Birgit Obermeier1, Ajay Verma2, Richard M Ransohoff1

  • 1Neuro/Immuno Discovery Biology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial in autoimmune neurologic disorders, regulating immune cell entry into the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding and repairing BBB function is key to treating neuroinflammation and CNS diseases.

Keywords:
BBB breakdownBBB evolutionBBB repairblood–brain barrierblood–cerebrospinal fluid barrierneuroinflammationneurovascular unit

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical interface regulating immune cell and molecule entry into the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Its unique structure maintains brain homeostasis and protects against pathogens, but its dysfunction is implicated in neuroinflammation.
  • Immune cell trafficking across the BBB is essential but can exacerbate CNS pathology if dysregulated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the structure and function of the BBB and neurovascular unit.
  • To explore the role of BBB breakdown in neuroinflammation.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies for restoring BBB function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on BBB structure, function, and role in neuroimmunology.
  • Analysis of the interplay between the BBB and neuroinflammatory processes.
  • Exploration of therapeutic targets for BBB repair.

Main Results:

  • The BBB's integrity is vital for CNS homeostasis; its breakdown is a hallmark of neuroinflammation.
  • Dysregulated immune cell transmigration contributes to or worsens CNS diseases.
  • Restoring BBB function presents a promising therapeutic avenue.

Conclusions:

  • The BBB is a central player in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune neurologic disorders.
  • Targeting BBB repair holds potential for ameliorating CNS diseases.
  • Further research into BBB mechanisms and therapeutic interventions is warranted.