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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Autoimmune neurologic disorders in children.

Ming Lim1, Mark Gorman2

  • 1Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, Kings Health Partners Academic Health Science Centre, London, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune neurologic diseases in children involve antibodies targeting brain proteins. Early diagnosis and immunotherapy offer significant benefits, though further research is needed for optimal patient outcomes.

Keywords:
adaptivechildhoodimmune-mediatedimmunotherapyinnatepediatricsystemic

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Autoimmune Disorders

Background:

  • Autoimmune neurologic diseases are increasingly recognized in children.
  • Antibody-mediated central nervous system disorders involve antibodies targeting neuronal or glial cell surface proteins.
  • These conditions present with diverse neurologic symptoms, including seizures and movement disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review known antibodies and associated autoimmune neurologic diseases in children.
  • To discuss immune-mediated conditions lacking identified biomarkers.
  • To provide guidelines for the investigation and classification of these disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric autoimmune neurologic diseases.
  • Discussion of antibody targets, including ion channels, receptors, and membrane proteins.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, diagnostic features, and treatment responses.

Main Results:

  • Antibodies targeting cell surface epitopes on neuronal or glial proteins cause various central nervous system diseases.
  • Phenotypic overlap and variation are common among these conditions.
  • Immunotherapy can lead to substantial improvement in many patients, even when antibodies are unidentified.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and treatment of autoimmune neurologic diseases in children are crucial.
  • Further research is essential to optimize immunotherapy and identify biomarkers for all immune-mediated neurologic disorders.
  • Standardized investigation and classification are needed for improved patient management.