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Individual- and Household-Level Risk Factors Associated with Malaria in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe: A Serial
Mufaro Kanyangarara1, Edmore Mamini2, Sungano Mharakurwa2
1Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. mkanyan1@jhu.edu.
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|April 27, 2016
Summary
Malaria risk in Zimbabwe is higher for young individuals and those near the Mozambique border. Bed nets offer protection despite insecticide resistance, guiding targeted malaria control efforts.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Vector-borne Diseases
Background:
- Malaria is a significant public health issue in Zimbabwe, with seasonal and unstable transmission in Manicaland Province.
- Increased malaria transmission in recent years is linked to funding limitations, drug resistance, and insecticide resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify individual and household-level risk factors for malaria in eastern Zimbabwe.
- To inform malaria control strategies by understanding local epidemiology.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional surveys conducted from October 2012 to September 2014 in Mutasa District.
- Collected demographic and household data from 1,116 individuals in 316 households.
- Analyzed malaria risk using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and multilevel logistic regression.
Main Results:
- 74 participants tested positive for malaria via RDT.
- Sleeping under a bed net showed a protective effect, even with pyrethroid resistance.
- Higher malaria risk was associated with younger age (<25 years), lower household density, and proximity to the Mozambique border.
Conclusions:
- Identified key risk factors for malaria in eastern Zimbabwe.
- Results emphasize the need to consider age, household density, and geographic location in control interventions.
- Findings support targeted strategies to reduce host-vector interactions and mitigate malaria transmission.
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