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[Magnesium and long-term diuretic therapy].

I Dørup, K Skajaa

    Ugeskrift for Laeger
    |March 20, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    Diuretics can deplete magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) levels in muscles, even with normal blood levels. Correcting Mg deficiency is crucial for effective potassium repletion and preventing complications.

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    Decreased muscle strength and contents of Mg and Na,K-pumps in chronic alcoholics occur independently of liver cirrhosis.

    Journal of internal medicine·2003

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Pharmacology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Context:

    • Diuretic medications, commonly prescribed for hypertension and heart failure, can lead to significant electrolyte imbalances.
    • Long-term use of thiazide and loop diuretics is associated with depletion of muscle magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) stores.
    • Serum electrolyte levels may not accurately reflect intracellular Mg and K status during diuretic therapy.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the impact of diuretic use on intracellular Mg and K levels.
    • To highlight the diagnostic challenges in assessing Mg and K status during diuretic treatment.
    • To emphasize the importance of tissue-based assessments for Mg and K.

    Summary:

    • Diuretics promote urinary excretion of Mg and K, leading to reduced muscle Mg and K content in approximately 50% of patients, despite normal serum levels.
    • Simultaneous Mg and K deficiencies are common, and K repletion is ineffective without addressing concurrent Mg deficiency.
    • Muscle Mg/K depletion is linked to reduced Na,K-pump concentration, potentially causing muscle symptoms, digitalis sensitivity, growth inhibition, and arrhythmias.

    Impact:

    • Tissue Mg and K levels, particularly muscle content, are critical indicators of electrolyte status in patients on diuretics.
    • Muscle biopsy is a rapid and reliable method for diagnosing Mg and K deficiencies.
    • Oral Mg supplementation can effectively restore normal muscle K/Mg status and mitigate associated health risks.

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