Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 22, 2026
Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model
Published on: January 12, 2022
Laboratory Investigations for Diagnosis of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Periocular Disease: Part II
Archana Srinivasan1, Teri T Kleinberg, Ann P Murchison
1*Research Department, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, †Worcester Ophthalmology Associates, Worcester, Massachusetts, and ‡Skull Base Division, Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Purpose:
To review the important laboratory serological investigations routinely performed for the diagnosis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of the orbit and ocular adnexa.
Methods:
Review of the literature as well as personal clinical experience of the authors. Due to the extensive nature of the topic, the review has been split into 2 parts. Part I covers thyroid eye disease, IgG4-related disease, and myasthenia gravis. In part II of the review, sarcoidosis, vasculitis, Sjögren syndrome, and giant cell arteritis will be discussed.
Results:
Several relatively specific serologic tests are available for the diagnosis of a variety of inflammatory and serologic diseases of the orbit.
Conclusion:
In cases of limited orbital or sino-orbital disease, serologic testing may be negative in a significant number of patients. Specifically, the clinician should be wary of ruling out limited orbital sarcoid or sinoorbital granulomatosis with polyangiitis based on serologic testing alone. Part I of this review has covered serologic testing for thyroid eye disease, IgG4-related disease, and myasthenia gravis. In part II, the authors discuss serologic testing for sarcoidosis, vasculitis, Sjögren syndrome (SS), and giant cell arteritis (GCA).
