Outdoor Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Legislation in Brazil

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Dermatology
• Public Health

Background:

• Brazil exhibits some of the lowest total ozone column levels globally, particularly in tropical-equatorial and subtropical regions.
• These low ozone levels result in high exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, significantly increasing skin cancer risk.
• Daily erythemal doses and dose rates in Brazil are substantial, with potential for enhancement by cloud cover.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the levels of solar ultraviolet radiation in Brazil and their association with high skin cancer prevalence.
• To evaluate current public behaviors regarding sun exposure and their contribution to overexposure.
• To discuss existing and proposed governmental and non-governmental initiatives for photoprotection awareness and intervention.

Main Methods:

• Quantification of total ozone column levels using Dobson Units.
• Measurement of daily erythemal doses and dose rates, including diffuse radiation components.
• Analysis of skin cancer incidence rates (non-melanoma and melanoma).
• Review of public health policies, resolutions, and proposed legislation concerning sun safety and sunscreen provision.

Main Results:

• Total ozone column values in Brazil are among the lowest on Earth (265 ± 11 DU tropical-equatorial, 283 ± 16 DU subtropics).
• High annual personal UV radiation ambient dose among youth (approx. 5.3%) and significant skin cancer rates (31.6% non-melanoma, 1.0% melanoma).
• Effective public health measures include banning tanning devices and proposing mandatory sunscreen distribution.

Conclusions:

• The combination of low ozone and high solar UV radiation exposure in Brazil necessitates urgent public health interventions.
• Behavioral changes and policy implementations, such as mandatory sunscreen provision, are crucial for reducing skin cancer incidence.
• Continued monitoring and public awareness campaigns are vital for effective photoprotection in Brazil.