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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats
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Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis.

James V M Hanson1, Sebastian C Lukas1, Misha Pless2

  • 1Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) quantifies neuroaxonal loss in multiple sclerosis (MS) by examining retinal structures. This technique aids in understanding MS progression and defining new disease phenotypes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) is increasingly vital in ophthalmology and neurology.
  • OCT allows high-resolution in vivo imaging of retinal structures, including unmyelinated axons.
  • The anterior visual pathway is recognized as a model for investigating multiple sclerosis (MS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review OCT findings in multiple sclerosis (MS) research.
  • To correlate structural OCT findings with functional outcomes like visual acuity and electrophysiology.
  • To highlight OCT's utility in acute optic neuritis and for defining novel MS phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of OCT findings in MS research.
  • Correlation of structural OCT data with functional outcome measures.
  • Segmentation of OCT scans for visualization and quantification of individual retinal layers.

Main Results:

  • OCT is effective for quantifying neuroaxonal loss in MS.
  • OCT findings correlate with established functional outcome measures.
  • OCT is particularly useful in acute optic neuritis and for identifying novel MS phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • OCT is a valuable tool for MS research, offering insights into neuroaxonal loss.
  • OCT facilitates the correlation of structural changes with functional deficits in MS patients.
  • Retinal layer segmentation via OCT shows promise for defining new MS phenotypes.