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Prevalence of chronic kidney disease risk factors among low birth weight adolescents

Dev Darshan K Khalsa1, Hind A Beydoun2, J Bryan Carmody3

  • 1Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|April 28, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Adolescents with low birth weight (LBW) have higher risks for elevated blood pressure and decreased kidney function. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring kidney health in LBW individuals during adolescence.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nephrology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Infants born with low birth weight (LBW) face increased risks for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adulthood.
  • However, the presence of objective CKD risk factors in earlier life stages remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of CKD risk factors in adolescents with a history of LBW.
  • To determine if LBW is associated with elevated blood pressure and reduced kidney function in adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 5352 adolescents (aged 12-15 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2012).
  • Participants categorized into low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g), very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g), or normal birth weight groups.
  • CKD risk factors assessed included albuminuria, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and elevated systolic blood pressure (BP).

Main Results:

  • Albuminuria levels did not differ significantly across birth weight groups.
  • Adolescents in LBW/VLBW groups showed higher frequencies of elevated systolic BP and decreased eGFR compared to normal birth weight peers.
  • Multivariable analysis confirmed that LBW/VLBW adolescents had significantly greater odds for both elevated BP and decreased eGFR.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated systolic blood pressure and decreased eGFR are common in U.S. adolescents with a history of LBW/VLBW.
  • These findings underscore the need for early monitoring of kidney health in individuals born with low birth weight.
Abstract

Keywords:
HypertensionInfant, prematureKidney function testsLow birth weightNHANESScreening

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