Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 31, 2026

09:08
Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos
Published on: March 26, 2014
[Anatomic, functional and identity results after clitoris transposition].
S Abramowicz1, S Oden2, G Dietrich2
1Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Delafontaine, 2, rue du Docteur-De Lafontaine, 93500 Saint-Denis, France.
Summary
Female genital mutilation reconstructive surgery significantly improves anatomical, psychological, and functional outcomes. The study highlights improved well-being and femininity for survivors seeking identity restoration.
Area of Science:
- Medical Sciences
- Surgical Procedures
- Women's Health
Background:
- Female genital mutilation (FGM) affects millions of young women annually.
- Psychological, identity, and sexual consequences of FGM are increasingly recognized.
- Reconstructive surgery offers a potential treatment pathway for FGM survivors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the anatomical, psychological, identity, and functional outcomes of reconstructive surgery for FGM survivors.
- To evaluate patient motivations and satisfaction with the Pierre Foldes surgical technique.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective monocentric study including thirty FGM survivors.
- Patients were evaluated post-surgery to assess motivations and outcomes.
- Surgical results were analyzed regarding femininity, anatomy, psychology, and functionality.
Main Results:
- Significant improvements reported in anatomical (96%), identity (88%), psychological (96%), and sexual (88%) aspects post-surgery.
- The primary motivation for surgery was the pursuit of feminine identity (77%).
- Long-term follow-up was available for twenty-six patients.
Conclusions:
- The Pierre Foldes technique demonstrates significant benefits for FGM survivors.
- Reconstructive surgery improves anatomical and functional outcomes.
- The intervention positively impacts physical image, well-being, and femininity.
Keywords:
ClitorisExcisionFeminine identityIdentité féminineMutilations sexuelles fémininesReconstructionSexual fonctionSexual mutilationSexualitéTransposition du clitoris
