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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Psychotic Experiences and Working Memory: A Population-Based Study Using Signal-Detection Analysis.

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Adolescent psychotic experiences are linked to impaired working memory (WM) in young people. Specifically, increased false alarms on WM tasks, not just overall accuracy, are associated with these experiences, suggesting issues with signal-to-noise discrimination.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Adolescent psychotic experiences (PEs) predict adult psychotic disorders.
  • Working memory (WM) deficits are a hallmark of schizophrenia.
  • Understanding the link between PEs and WM in youth is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between PEs and WM performance in a general population sample of adolescents.
  • To identify specific WM deficits associated with PEs.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 4744 adolescents (age 17-18) within the ALSPAC birth cohort.
  • PEs assessed via the Psychosis-Like Symptom Interview (PLIKSi).
  • WM performance measured using computerized 2-Back and 3-Back tasks, analyzed with Signal-Detection Theory.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of suspected/definite PEs was 7.9%.
  • PEs were associated with increased false alarms on 2-Back and 3-Back tasks, and higher response bias (c) on 3-Back.
  • PEs were also linked to lower discriminability (d') on the 3-Back task, even after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory is impaired in adolescents with PEs.
  • The association is driven by increased false alarms, suggesting impaired signal-to-noise discrimination.
  • These findings support neuropsychological models of psychosis in young people.