Relationship between water compartments, body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and blood
Insights
Electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in children shows body composition and water compartments correlate with blood pressure (BP). This highlights potential issues of unrecognized hypertension and malnutrition in the Polish pediatric population.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Health
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Body Composition Analysis
Background:
- Electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is increasingly used for body composition assessment in clinical settings.
- Blood pressure (BP) in healthy children is influenced by age, body mass, and height.
- The relationship between body water compartments and BP in children has not been previously evaluated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between body composition and water compartments, measured by BIA, and blood pressure in children.
- To assess correlations between various BIA-derived parameters and systolic/diastolic BP in a pediatric cohort.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 72 children (32 girls, 40 boys) aged 6-7 and 12-13 years.
- BIA measurements using Nutriguard Data Input device calculated total body water (TBW), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), and phase angle alpha.
- Blood pressure was measured twice using the oscillometric method.
Main Results:
- Significant correlations were found between systolic BP and TBW (R=0.4023), LBM (R=0.3600), FM (R=0.4725), ECW (R=0.4598), and BMI (R=0.4089).
- Diastolic BP significantly correlated with TBW (R=0.3056), LBM (R=0.2783), FM (R=0.3956), ECW (R=0.3869), and BMI (R=0.3550).
- The study identified elevated BP in 9 children, malnutrition in 8, and obesity in 2, indicating potential growth and nutritional concerns.
Conclusions:
- Systolic and diastolic BP in children are correlated with water compartments, lean body mass, and fat mass as determined by BIA.
- The findings underscore the importance of BIA in assessing pediatric body composition and its relation to cardiovascular health.
- Unrecognized hypertension and malnutrition remain underestimated issues within the Polish pediatric population.
Background:
Electrical bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is becoming more widely used in clinical practice as a method of body composition analysis. In healthy children blood pressure (BP) changes with age, body mass and height. Until now the relation between water compartments and BP in healthy children has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body composition as well as water compartments (measured by electrical bioimpedance) and BP.
Methods:
The study was performed in 72 children (32 girls and 40 boys) aged: 6-7 and 12-13 years. BIA measurements were taken using Nutriguard Data Input device with Bianostic electrodes and following parameters were calculated: total body water (TBW), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), intra- and extracellular water (ICW, ECW) and phase angle alpha. BP was measured twice using the oscillometric method.
Results:
Elevated BP > 95th percentile for gender, age and height were observed in 9 children. A significant correlation between systolic (S)BP and TBW (R = 0.4023, p < 0.001), LBM (R = 0.3600, p = 0.002), FM (R = 0.4725, p < 0.001), ECW (R = 0.4598, p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (R = 0.4089, p < 0.001) was found. Furthermore, diastolic (D)BP significantly correlated with TBW (R = 0.3056, p = 0.011), LBM (R = 0.2783, p = 0.021), FM (R = 0.3956, p < 0.001), ECW (R = 0.3869, p = 0.001) and BMI (R = 0.3550, p = 0.002). In the studied group malnutrition (weight < 3rd percentile) was found in 8 children and 2 had obesity (BMI > 95th percentile). Growth disorders were found in 6 children (5 of them being undernourished).
Conclusions:
In the studied children SBP and DBP correlated with water compartments, lean body and fat masses derived from BIA. The problem of unrecognized hypertension and malnutrition in children and adolescents is still underestimated in the Polish population.
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