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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:17

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A nurse managing a patient with aortic regurgitation begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, family history, and lifestyle factors. During the cardiac examination, the nurse listens for heart sounds and checks for signs of valve abnormalities. The nurse also observes for symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and assesses the patient's endurance and daily activity tolerance.Based on the findings, the nurse...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Thoracic Aorta01:15

Thoracic Aorta

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The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
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Aortic root compression during transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement.

Ian Lindsay1,2, Jamil Aboulhosn1,2, Morris Salem3

  • 1The Division of Pediatric Cardiology, UCLA Medical Center, University of California at Los Angeles, California.

Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions
|April 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Aortic root compression (ARC) occurred in 9% of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) cases, primarily in patients with native right ventricular outflow tracts. Identifying ARC during pre-procedure testing may predict risks, but further research is needed.

Keywords:
adultscomplicationscongenital heart diseasepediatric catheterization/interventionpediatricspercutaneous interventionpercutaneous valve therapypulmonary valve diseasetranscatheter valve implantation

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Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Guided Valve Sizing for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Aortic root compression (ARC) can complicate transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR), potentially causing aortic valve dysfunction and limiting TPVR use in patients with native right ventricular outflow tracts (RVOTs), including those with a transannular patch (TAP).
  • The characteristics of patients experiencing ARC during TPVR have not been previously detailed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of aortic root compression (ARC) during transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR).
  • To describe the patient cohort experiencing ARC during TPVR procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 174 patients with congenital heart disease undergoing TPVR at UCLA between 2010 and 2015.
  • Detailed documentation of ARC characteristics during balloon sizing/coronary compression testing (BS/CCT) in relevant cases.

Main Results:

  • Aortic root compression (ARC) occurred in 16 patients (9%).
  • Of these, 14 patients (33%) had Tetralogy of Fallot with a native/TAP RVOT.
  • Five ARC patients experienced concomitant coronary artery compression; six had isolated coronary compression. Two patients underwent successful TPVR despite ARC; one required surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of aortic root compression (ARC) cases during TPVR occur in patients with native or transannular patch (TAP) right ventricular outflow tracts (RVOTs).
  • ARC identified during pre-procedure balloon sizing/coronary compression testing (BS/CCT) may indicate a risk for post-TPVR ARC.
  • Further investigation is required to accurately predict, understand the clinical significance of, and develop strategies to avoid ARC during TPVR.