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Summary

Developing accurate torso models for ballistics research requires matching simulant materials to human tissue properties. Porcine organs and gelatin simulants were tested, revealing Simulant "A" and specific organs exhibit similar energy retardation for improved anatomical models.

Keywords:
10% ordnance gelatin20% ordnance gelatinSimulant “A”energy lossforensic scienceporcine organsthixotropy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Forensic Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ballistics research necessitates torso models with mechanical properties mirroring human tissues.
  • Current simulant materials may not fully replicate the heterogeneous nature of thoracic and abdominal organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the energy loss characteristics of various porcine organs and simulant materials.
  • To identify suitable simulant materials for creating anatomically correct heterogeneous torso models for ballistics research.

Main Methods:

  • Energy loss experiments were conducted on fresh porcine organs and specified gelatins (FBI, NATO) and Simulant "A".
  • Steel 4.5 mm BBs were fired from an air rifle, with velocity measured before and after perforation using CED M2 chronographs.
  • Kinetic energy loss was calculated using KE = 1/2 mv² at room temperature and 37°C.

Main Results:

  • FBI specification gelatin showed similar energy retardation to porcine heart and lung.
  • NATO specification gelatin exhibited similar properties to porcine spleen.
  • Simulant "A" demonstrated comparable energy retardation to porcine hindquarter muscle, which was also similar to kidney and spleen.

Conclusions:

  • Porcine organs and tested simulants display varying degrees of energy retardation, offering insights for material development.
  • Simulant "A" and specific porcine tissues (muscle, kidney, spleen) show similar energy absorption characteristics.
  • These findings provide a foundation for developing advanced simulant materials for more realistic ballistic torso models.