Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

2.7K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.7K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

5.4K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.4K
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

1.3K
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
1.3K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

5.9K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.9K
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

281
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
281
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

322
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
322

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Blood transfusion and ischaemic outcomes according to anemia and bleeding in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: Insights from the TAO randomized clinical trial.

International journal of cardiology·2020
Same author

Loop diuretics decrease the renal elimination rate and increase the plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide.

British journal of clinical pharmacology·2018
Same author

The Differentiation of Skin Mesenchymal Stem Cells Towards a Schwann Cell Phenotype: Impact of Sigma-1 Receptor Activation.

Molecular neurobiology·2017
Same author

Glycaemic control of Type 1 diabetes in clinical practice early in the 21st century: an international comparison.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association·2014
Same author

[Carnitine as a marker of atherosclerosis and other risks of cardiovascular diseases].

Kardiologiia·2014
Same author

Inhibition of L-carnitine biosynthesis and transport by methyl-γ-butyrobetaine decreases fatty acid oxidation and protects against myocardial infarction.

British journal of pharmacology·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
04:19

Author Spotlight: An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 10, 2023

2.5K

Diabetes is Associated with Higher Trimethylamine N-oxide Plasma Levels.

M Dambrova1, G Latkovskis2, J Kuka1

  • 1Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [And] German Diabetes Association
|April 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is linked to cardiovascular risk. This study found that diabetes, age, and BMI independently increase TMAO levels, suggesting TMAO

More Related Videos

Fixation and Operational Method for Abdominal Massage in T2DM Mice
05:57

Fixation and Operational Method for Abdominal Massage in T2DM Mice

Published on: March 7, 2025

853
Measurement of Differentially Methylated INS DNA Species in Human Serum Samples as a Biomarker of Islet β Cell Death
10:34

Measurement of Differentially Methylated INS DNA Species in Human Serum Samples as a Biomarker of Islet β Cell Death

Published on: December 21, 2016

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
04:19

Author Spotlight: An Improved Technique for Trimethylamine Detection in Animal-Derived Medicine by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 10, 2023

2.5K
Fixation and Operational Method for Abdominal Massage in T2DM Mice
05:57

Fixation and Operational Method for Abdominal Massage in T2DM Mice

Published on: March 7, 2025

853
Measurement of Differentially Methylated INS DNA Species in Human Serum Samples as a Biomarker of Islet β Cell Death
10:34

Measurement of Differentially Methylated INS DNA Species in Human Serum Samples as a Biomarker of Islet β Cell Death

Published on: December 21, 2016

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Metabolic Disease Research
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Systemic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk.
  • Plasma L-carnitine levels in individuals with high TMAO predict cardiovascular disease and adverse cardiac events.
  • The relationship between TMAO, L-carnitine, and diabetes requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between plasma TMAO and L-carnitine levels in the context of diabetes.
  • To explore the independent associations of age, diabetes status, and body mass index (BMI) with TMAO levels.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of plasma samples from diabetic (db/db) and non-diabetic mice at 12 and 20 weeks of age.
  • Assessment of body weight, insulin resistance, and TMAO concentrations in mice over an 8-week period.
  • Multivariate linear regression analysis of TMAO levels in 191 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, considering age, diabetes status, BMI, and L-carnitine.

Main Results:

  • Diabetic mice exhibited significantly higher TMAO and lower L-carnitine levels compared to non-diabetic controls.
  • In patients, TMAO showed bivariate associations with age, total cholesterol, and L-carnitine.
  • Multivariate analysis identified L-carnitine, age, diabetes status, and BMI as independent predictors of elevated TMAO levels.

Conclusions:

  • Age, diabetes, and BMI are independently associated with higher TMAO levels, irrespective of L-carnitine.
  • These findings support TMAO's role as a cardiovascular risk marker.
  • Further research into TMAO's application in diabetes research is warranted.