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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

717
Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

325
Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
325
Layers of the Heart Wall01:15

Layers of the Heart Wall

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The heart wall comprises three distinct layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The outermost layer, the epicardium, is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, featuring a thin, transparent mesothelial surface and an inner layer of areolar connective tissue with fat deposits that increase with age.
The myocardium, the thickest layer, consists of cardiac muscle cells interconnected by intercalated discs and crisscrossing connective tissue fibers. These muscle fibers contract...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling
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Streptococcus agalactiae mural infective endocarditis in a structurally normal heart.

Nobuhiro Ariyoshi1, Keisuke Miyamoto2, Dennis T Bolger2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; na39@hawaii.edu.

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives
|April 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This case study reports Streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis in a patient with a structurally normal heart. The infection presented as a right ventricular mass, successfully treated with antibiotics.

Keywords:
Streptococcus agalactiaediabetes mellitusinfective endocarditisrare diseasestreptokinase

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus) is a common cause of infections in neonates and adults, particularly in those with underlying conditions.
  • Mural endocarditis, an infection of the heart's inner lining not involving the valves, is rare, especially in structurally normal hearts.

Observation:

  • A 38-year-old man with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2 presented with fever, chills, and cough.
  • Blood cultures identified Streptococcus agalactiae. Echocardiography revealed a mobile right ventricular mass. CT scans showed a lung cavitary lesion and splenic infarction.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with Streptococcus agalactiae mural infective endocarditis involving the right ventricle.
  • The mass resolved completely after an 8-week course of intravenous antibiotics (penicillin G followed by ceftriaxone).

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for Streptococcus agalactiae to cause endocarditis even in patients with structurally normal hearts.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy are crucial for successful treatment and resolution of such infections.