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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

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Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
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High-throughput Detection Method for Influenza Virus
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Pathology Consultation on Influenza Diagnostics.

Allison R McMullen1, Neil W Anderson1, Carey-Ann D Burnham2

  • 1From the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology
|April 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Rapid influenza diagnostic tests offer convenience but may have suboptimal sensitivity. Molecular assays are more sensitive but complex, impacting patient care and infection prevention strategies.

Keywords:
DiagnosticsInfluenzaNucleic acid amplification testsRapid influenza diagnostic testRespiratory virus

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical diagnostics
  • Infectious disease epidemiology
  • Respiratory virology

Background:

  • Influenza causes significant annual hospitalizations and deaths in the U.S.
  • Rapid antigen detection assays are widely used for influenza diagnosis due to speed and convenience.
  • Suboptimal sensitivity of some rapid influenza tests is a known limitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the strengths and limitations of current influenza diagnostic methods.
  • To highlight the performance characteristics of rapid antigen and nucleic acid detection assays for influenza.

Main Methods:

  • Case-based presentation to illustrate limitations of rapid antigen detection assays.
  • Review of available influenza diagnostic technologies and their performance.

Main Results:

  • Rapid antigen assays are convenient but may lack sensitivity.
  • Molecular assays offer higher sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities.
  • New FDA guidelines aim to enhance oversight and performance of antigen assays.

Conclusions:

  • Influenza diagnostic assays differ significantly in performance, complexity, and cost.
  • Assay selection has critical implications for patient care and infection control.