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[Series: Medical Applications of the PHITS Code (2): Acceleration by Parallel Computing].

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    Parallel computing with Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) makes Monte Carlo dose calculations faster. PHITS software utilizes these parallel functions for efficient high-performance computing on multi-core workstations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computational physics
    • High-performance computing
    • Scientific software development

    Context:

    • Monte Carlo dose calculations are essential in radiation therapy and nuclear physics.
    • Traditional Monte Carlo simulations are computationally intensive and time-consuming.
    • Advancements in multi-core processors necessitate parallel computing strategies.

    Purpose:

    • To explain the parallel computing functions within the PHITS Monte Carlo simulation code.
    • To detail the advantages and disadvantages of distributed-memory (MPI) and shared-memory (OpenMP) parallelization.
    • To evaluate the performance of these parallel functions on multi-core workstations.

    Summary:

    • The PHITS code incorporates both Message Passing Interface (MPI) for distributed-memory and Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) for shared-memory parallelization.
    • Users can select MPI or OpenMP based on their specific computational needs and hardware.
    • Performance tests on a typical multi-core workstation demonstrate the effectiveness of these parallelization methods.

    Impact:

    • Enables faster and more feasible Monte Carlo dose calculations.
    • Optimizes the performance of scientific simulation software on modern hardware.
    • Facilitates advanced research in fields relying on accurate radiation transport simulations.