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Related Concept Videos

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
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Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis01:18

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The human body is a complex system of interconnected parts, and the circulatory system plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. One key component of this system is the inferior vena cava, a large vein responsible for returning blood from the abdominopelvic viscera and abdominal walls to the heart.
The inferior vena cava is fed by numerous smaller veins. The lumbar veins, for instance, drain the posterior abdominal wall, emptying both directly into the inferior vena cava and into the...
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Uterus and Cervix01:18

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The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
The uterus is securely anchored within the pelvic cavity by paired broad ligaments on either side. It is further stabilized by three pairs...
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Muscles of the Abdomen01:21

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The abdominal wall encircles the abdominal cavity, providing flexible protection and shielding the internal organs from harm. It is bordered at the top by the xiphoid process and costal margins, at the back by the vertebral column, and at the bottom by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall is divided into two regions — the anterolateral and posterior regions.
Anterolateral Region
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Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

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To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
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Abdominal Aorta01:25

Abdominal Aorta

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Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned leftward of the spinal column, encased within a cocoon of adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. It terminates at the L4 vertebra, where it splits into the common iliac arteries. Prior to this bifurcation, the abdominal aorta gives rise to several vital branches.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model
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[Big surprise in the lesser pelvis].

J Hartinger1, E Maurer2, E M Walthers3

  • 1Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Deutschland. Jeremias.Hartinger@med.uni-marburg.de.

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|April 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A young man had asymptomatic microhematuria, which led to the discovery of a secondary pelvic spleen, also known as a lien bipartitus. This rare condition was confirmed through imaging and surgical examination.

Keywords:
Diagnostic imagingLien bipartitusMicrohematuriaNucleationSecondary spleen

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Microhematuria is a common urological finding that can indicate various underlying conditions.
  • Intraperitoneal lesions require thorough investigation to determine their nature and clinical significance.

Observation:

  • A 17-year-old male presented with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria.
  • Imaging studies (ultrasound and CT) revealed an intraperitoneal mass superior to the bladder.
  • The lesion's origin and nature were initially undetermined.

Findings:

  • Surgical exploration and subsequent histological examination confirmed the mass as a secondary pelvic spleen.
  • The condition was identified as a rare congenital anomaly, lien bipartitus.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic workup for seemingly incidental findings like microhematuria.
  • Lien bipartitus, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate patient management and to rule out other pathologies.