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Medicaid Long-Term Care: State Variation and the Intergovernmental Lobby.

Frank J Thompson1, Joel C Cantor1, Jennifer Farnham1

  • 1Rutgers University.

Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
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PubMed
Summary

Medicaid is crucial for long-term care (LTC) funding, but state commitment varies significantly. Federal policies have increased state control over these services, leading to disparities in Medicaid LTC access.

Keywords:
Medicaid long-term careintergovernmental lobbystate variation

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Area of Science:

  • Health Policy
  • Public Health
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Medicaid is the primary funder of long-term care (LTC) in the United States.
  • Significant state-level variations exist in Medicaid's commitment to funding LTC services.
  • Understanding the drivers of this variation is critical for addressing inequities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the extent of variation in state spending on Medicaid LTC.
  • To analyze the historical evolution of federal policies influencing state discretion in Medicaid LTC.
  • To explore policy options for mitigating inequities and assess future program sustainability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of state spending data on Medicaid long-term care.
  • Historical review of federal policies impacting state control over Medicaid services.
  • Assessment of the role of the intergovernmental lobby in shaping federal policy.

Main Results:

  • Federal policies over 50 years have increasingly granted states discretion over Medicaid LTC services.
  • State variation in Medicaid LTC commitment is substantial.
  • The intergovernmental lobby (governors, state officials) significantly influences federal policy, driving decentralization and state variation.

Conclusions:

  • Decentralization of Medicaid LTC policy, driven by the intergovernmental lobby, fuels state-level inequities.
  • While the lobby has supported Medicaid's growth, future erosion is possible.
  • Policy interventions are needed to address disparities in Medicaid LTC funding across states.