Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 22, 2026
04:39
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
Published on: March 17, 2023
2.6K
Encephalopathy Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Potentially Reversible Condition
Inês Correia1, Inês B Marques1, Rogério Ferreira2
1Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
Case Reports in Medicine
|April 30, 2016
Summary
Autoimmune thyroid disease can cause neurological issues like dementia and myoclonus. Early recognition and immunotherapy, such as steroids, can lead to significant patient improvement.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) can present with subtle neurological symptoms.
- These symptoms may include cognitive decline, behavioral changes, tremor, myoclonus, or ataxia.
- Encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (EEAT) is a controversial diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a case of encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease.
- To highlight the diagnostic challenges and potential treatments for this condition.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a 61-year-old female patient.
- Diagnostic workup included antibody titers and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.
- Treatment involved steroids.
Main Results:
- The patient presented with chronic headache, mood and cognitive disturbances, progressing to dementia with myoclonus.
- High anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody titers and an inflammatory CSF profile were observed.
- Steroid treatment resulted in significant clinical improvement.
Conclusions:
- EEAT is a diagnosis of exclusion with unspecific presentation and undetermined pathophysiology.
- While steroid treatment can be effective, other immunotherapies may be necessary.
- Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial as EEAT is potentially treatable.
More Related Videos
26:48Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Published on: July 4, 2007
18.9K
06:57Author Spotlight: Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Published on: May 12, 2023
3.1K
Related Concept Videos
01:29Autoimmune Disorders
2.1K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
2.1K
01:20Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment
3.4K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
3.4K
01:25Arboviral Encephalitis
3
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
3
01:28Diphtheria
32
Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
32
01:20Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
8.8K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
8.8K
01:15Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests
3.0K
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
3.0K