Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

32.3K

What happens to cardiovascular system behind the undetectable level of HIV viremia?

Gabriella d'Ettorre1, Giancarlo Ceccarelli1, Paolo Pavone1

  • 1Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, Italy.

AIDS Research and Therapy
|April 30, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Despite improvements in HIV treatment, cardiovascular diseases remain a significant concern for infected individuals. This review explores new insights into managing non-AIDS-related heart conditions in patients with suppressed HIV.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved HIV patient longevity and quality of life.
  • HIV-infected individuals still face reduced survival rates compared to the general population, largely due to non-infectious illnesses like cardiovascular diseases.
  • Studies show an elevated risk of coronary atherosclerotic disease and myocardial infarction in HIV patients on cART.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and new insights into non-AIDS-related cardiovascular diseases in HIV patients with suppressed viral load.
  • To address the challenges in managing cardiovascular comorbidities in the context of HIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research and literature.
  • Focuses on factors contributing to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis in HIV patients.
  • Examines clinical management strategies for cardiovascular issues in this population.

Main Results:

  • Multiple factors contribute to cardiovascular problems in HIV patients, including lifestyle, metabolic parameters, genetics, viral factors, immune activation, chronic inflammation, and cART side effects.
  • These factors complicate the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases in HIV-infected individuals.
  • Non-infectious illnesses, particularly cardiovascular diseases, represent an emerging challenge for physicians treating HIV patients.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular disease management in HIV patients with suppressed viremia requires a comprehensive approach.
  • Understanding the multifactorial pathogenesis is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Further research and clinical strategies are needed to mitigate cardiovascular risks in the HIV-infected population.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseasesHIVPremature agingcARV

More Related Videos

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes09:13

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Published on: December 16, 2019

14.3K
Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis07:56

Monitoring Changes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells upon Viral Infection Using Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analysis

Published on: May 5, 2023

851

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
4.9K
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
1.1K
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
730
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.5K
Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications01:18

Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However,...
4.5K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
249