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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Endocrine dysfunction and recurrent spontaneous abortion: An overview.

Ramandeep Kaur1, Kapil Gupta2

  • 1Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.

International Journal of Applied & Basic Medical Research
|April 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a common pregnancy complication. This review examines how endocrine disorders like PCOS and thyroid dysfunction contribute to habitual miscarriage.

Keywords:
Hyperandrogenismhyperprolactinemialuteal phase defectpolycystic ovarian diseaserecurrent spontaneous abortionthyroid dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background:

  • Miscarriage affects 15-20% of pregnancies.
  • Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), defined as 3+ miscarriages before 20 weeks, is a significant early pregnancy complication.
  • Etiological factors for RSA include anatomical, genetic, endocrine, immune, and infectious causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of endocrinological disorders in patients experiencing recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).
  • To consolidate information on various endocrine abnormalities linked to habitual miscarriage.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search using electronic databases, Google Scholar, and PubMed.
  • Keywords focused on recurrent miscarriage and endocrine disorders.
  • Combined and grouped search results by specific endocrine abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Endocrine abnormalities such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), hyperprolactinemia, luteal phase defect, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, and hyperandrogenism are implicated in recurrent pregnancy loss.
  • These hormonal imbalances represent a significant contributing factor to habitual miscarriage.

Conclusions:

  • Endocrine disorders are key etiological factors in recurrent spontaneous abortion.
  • Understanding and managing these endocrinological issues is crucial for addressing habitual miscarriage and improving pregnancy outcomes.