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Erythrocyte agglutination in microgravity.

R T Morehead1, T A Olsen, E H Drake

  • 1Wausau Hospital Center, WI 54401.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|March 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Blood grouping tests, including ABO and Coombs, function in microgravity using a novel device. This demonstrates the feasibility of clinical laboratory examinations in space.

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Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Clinical Pathology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Gravity's influence on biological reactions is not fully understood.
  • Microgravity presents unique challenges for diagnostic testing.
  • Previous blood grouping methods were not adapted for spaceflight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a self-contained blood grouping device in microgravity.
  • To determine if gravity affects blood grouping reactions.
  • To assess the feasibility of space-based clinical laboratory diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • A self-contained device was developed for agglutination and collection of agglutinates.
  • The device was tested on the Columbia Space Shuttle under microgravity.
  • Human erythrocytes (Rh, ABO, Coombs-sensitized) were tested against antisera and diluents.

Main Results:

  • The device successfully produced agglutinates for ABO and Coombs-sensitized blood groups.
  • Rh test and control systems failed due to crystallization.
  • Agglutinates were collected on filter paper for post-flight analysis.

Conclusions:

  • ABO and Coombs-sensitized blood grouping tests are viable in microgravity.
  • Microgravity may result in smaller agglutinate formation compared to full gravity.
  • A closed system for clinical laboratory examination in space has been successfully demonstrated.

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