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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advanced Integrated Model for Sepsis-Induced Myopathy and Single-Cell Metabolic Analysis
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Disease-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Fatigue.

Scott K Powers1, Gordon S Lynch, Kate T Murphy

  • 11Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; 2Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA; and 3Medical Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, THE NETHERLANDS.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|April 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue are common in critical illness, cancer, and inflammatory or neurological disorders. Understanding the mechanisms behind this muscle atrophy is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Sciences
  • Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue are prevalent in various serious health conditions.
  • These conditions include acute critical illness, cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases, and neurological disorders.
  • Acquired skeletal muscle weakness leads to prolonged hospitalization, limited mobility, and reduced quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the consequences of skeletal muscle atrophy and fatigue in specific patient populations.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms contributing to muscle weakness and fatigue in these diseases.
  • To provide a foundation for developing clinical strategies to prevent and manage these issues.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes existing research on skeletal muscle atrophy and fatigue.
  • The review focuses on patients with acute critical illness, cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases, and neurological disorders.

Main Results:

  • Skeletal muscle atrophy and fatigue are significant clinical problems with serious implications.
  • These conditions are associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding the mechanisms is essential for therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • Skeletal muscle atrophy and fatigue are critical issues in several major diseases.
  • Further research into the mechanisms is necessary for clinical intervention.
  • Developing preventative and therapeutic protocols is a priority.