Recent advances in proximal gastric carcinoma

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Oncology
• Cancer Research

Background:

• The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging classifies proximal gastric carcinoma (PGC) as esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).
• Recent research indicates this classification is controversial and may not accurately reflect PGC's distinct nature.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and analyze current scientific evidence on proximal gastric carcinoma (PGC).
• To address the controversies surrounding PGC staging and classification within existing cancer staging systems.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review and analysis of high-quality research articles on proximal gastric carcinoma (PGC).
• Evaluation of epidemiological data, histopathological characteristics, genomic profiles, and survival data.

Main Results:

• Proximal gastric carcinoma (PGC) arises within 3 cm of the gastroesophageal junction.
• PGC incidence is increasing in East Asia, decreasing in the West, and stable in the US.
• PGC exhibits unique genetic profiles, a wide histopathological spectrum, and heterogeneous survival, challenging current AJCC staging.

Conclusions:

• Mounting evidence suggests proximal gastric carcinoma (PGC) should not be classified solely as esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).
• Further research into PGC pathogenesis mechanisms is crucial for accurate disease classification and improved patient outcomes.