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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Relationship Between Cortical Gyrification, White Matter Connectivity, and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

C Ecker1, D Andrews2, F Dell'Acqua2

  • 1Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, and the Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London SE5 8AF, UK Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|May 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to altered brain structure. This study found that differences in gray matter gyrification and white matter diffusivity in adults with ASD are interconnected, suggesting shared causes.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderbrain anatomybrain connectivitybrain developmentmultimodal neuroimaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by distinct gray matter and white matter differences.
  • The relationship between these gray and white matter alterations in ASD remains unclear, with potential for independent or linked etiologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between gray matter local gyrification (lGI) and white matter diffusivity in specific fiber tracts in male adults with ASD.
  • To determine if observed neuroanatomical differences in ASD reflect common or distinct etiological pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multimodal neuroimaging approach in 51 male adults with ASD and 48 neurotypical controls.
  • Examined the relationship between local gyrification index (lGI) in gray matter and white matter diffusivity in associated tracts.

Main Results:

  • Adults with ASD exhibited increased gyrification in the left pre- and post-central gyrus.
  • White matter tracts connected to these areas showed increased axial diffusivity, particularly near the cortical surface.
  • Increased lGI significantly correlated with increased diffusivity in short tracts, independent of group.

Conclusions:

  • Gray matter neuroanatomy and white matter connectivity differences in ASD are closely linked.
  • These interconnected alterations may arise from common etiological factors rather than distinct pathways.