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Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
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Postmortem biochemistry: Current applications.

S L Belsey1, R J Flanagan2

  • 1Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK.

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
|May 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postmortem biochemical analyses aid death investigations, but interpretation is complex due to postmortem changes. Vitreous humor offers advantages, though reference ranges and postmortem effects require further study.

Keywords:
Alternative matricesDeath investigationForensic biochemistryKetoacidosisPostmortemVitreous humour

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic pathology
  • Clinical chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Postmortem biochemical analyses are crucial for death investigations, particularly in cases involving metabolic disturbances, drowning, anaphylaxis, hypothermia, inflammation, myocardial infarction, or sepsis.
  • Forensic toxicology often intersects with biochemical analysis, as endogenous substances can be misused as poisons.
  • Interpreting postmortem biochemical results is challenging due to postmortem changes affecting analyte concentrations and the potential for analyte use as poisons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility and limitations of postmortem biochemical analyses in death investigations.
  • To highlight the benefits and challenges associated with using vitreous humor for biochemical assays.
  • To discuss the impact of postmortem changes on the reliability of biochemical measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of biochemical markers in postmortem specimens.
  • Utilizing vitreous humor for assays due to its protected environment and reduced susceptibility to autolysis and microbial degradation.
  • Performing assays using standard clinical chemistry analyzers with appropriate precautions.

Main Results:

  • Biochemical analyses can support investigations into conditions like ketoacidosis, drowning, anaphylaxis, hypothermia, inflammation, myocardial infarction, and sepsis.
  • Vitreous humor provides a more stable medium for many analytes compared to blood, being less affected by postmortem changes.
  • The value of biochemical measurements for estimating time of death is limited due to unpredictable postmortem changes.

Conclusions:

  • Postmortem biochemical analysis, especially using vitreous humor, is valuable in death investigations but requires careful interpretation considering postmortem changes.
  • Lack of established reference ranges and incomplete understanding of analyte equilibration and postmortem effects complicate result interpretation.
  • Postmortem vitreous glucose levels are unreliable for diagnosing antemortem hypoglycemia, underscoring the need for cautious interpretation of specific analytes.