Perturbations induced by electrostatic probe in the discharge of Hall thrusters

Emissive and Langmuir probes are two widely used plasma diagnostic techniques that, when used properly, give access to a wide range of information on the plasma's ions and electrons. We show here that their use in small and medium power Hall thrusters produces large perturbations in the discharge characteristics. Potential measurements performed by both probes and non-invasive Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy highlight significant discrepancies in the discharge profile. This phenomenon is observed both in the 200 W and the 1.5 kW-class thrusters. In order to have a better understanding of these perturbations, ion velocity distribution functions are acquired by LIF spectroscopy at different positions in the smaller thruster, with and without the probes. Emissive probes are shown to produce the biggest perturbation, shifting the acceleration region upstream. The probe insertion is also shown to have significant effect on both the average discharge current, increasing it by as much as 30%, and its harmonic content in both amplitude and spectrum. These perturbations appear as the probe tip passes a threshold located between 0 and 5 mm downstream of the thruster exit plane.