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Related Concept Videos

SBAR I: Understanding the Concept01:29

SBAR I: Understanding the Concept

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Effective communication among healthcare professionals during hand-off reporting is essential to delivering safe and continuous patient care. Common professional interactions include reports to healthcare team members, hand-off, and transfer reports. Nurses routinely report information to other healthcare team members and also urgently contact healthcare providers to report changes in patient status.
Standardized methods of communication have been developed to ensure that information is...
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Types of Reports I: Hand-off Report01:25

Types of Reports I: Hand-off Report

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A hand-off report, also known as a change-of-shift report, is a crucial nursing process that ensures the smooth transition of patient care responsibilities between nursing staff.
Following are the key components and categories of hand-off reports:
Purpose and Process:
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SBAR II: Application of SBAR01:14

SBAR II: Application of SBAR

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SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
S: "Hello, Dr. Smith. This is Jane, RN, from the Med Surg unit. I am calling to tell you about Ms. White in Room 210, who is experiencing increased pain and redness at her incision site. Her recent...
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Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

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The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.6K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise
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Breaking bad news: A communication competency for ophthalmology training programs.

Sarah M Hilkert1, Colleen M Cebulla2, Shelly Gupta Jain2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego/Ratner Children's Eye Center, La Jolla, California, USA.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|May 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Ophthalmology training needs formal programs for communicating bad news, a core competency. A pilot study suggests a potential template for future resident education and evaluation in this critical skill.

Keywords:
breaking bad newscommunication skills trainingcore competenciesresident educationthe SPIKES protocol

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Education
  • Communication Skills Training

Background:

  • Ophthalmology accreditation requires evaluating residents in core competencies, including breaking bad news.
  • Existing literature offers guidance for breaking bad news in other specialties, but ophthalmology lacks formal training programs.
  • Effective communication of difficult information is crucial for patient care and resident development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the historical basis and current recommendations for breaking bad news in other medical fields.
  • To evaluate a pilot training program for ophthalmology residents on communicating bad news.
  • To assess the need and efficacy of formal communication skills training in ophthalmology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on breaking bad news across medical specialties.
  • Development and implementation of a pilot communication skills training program for ophthalmology residents.
  • Evaluation of the pilot program's impact on resident preparedness.

Main Results:

  • The study highlights a gap in formal training for ophthalmology residents regarding breaking bad news.
  • A pilot program was evaluated, with preliminary insights into its potential effectiveness.
  • Results are limited by a small sample size at a single institution.

Conclusions:

  • Formal communication skills training is needed for ophthalmology residents to meet accreditation requirements.
  • The pilot program offers a potential framework for future training initiatives.
  • Further multi-center studies are required to validate the training program's efficacy and generalizability.