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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

27
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
27
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
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Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
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Hepatitis C virus and neurological damage.

Shilu Mathew1, Muhammed Faheem1, Sara M Ibrahim1

  • 1Shilu Mathew, Muhammed Faheem, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

World Journal of Hepatology
|May 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes neurological issues like cognitive impairment and neuropathy. These effects stem from immune responses, inflammation, and direct viral neurotoxicity, impacting the nervous system.

Keywords:
Blood brain barrierHepatitis C virusInflammationNervous systemNeuro disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is linked to diverse extrahepatic complications.
  • Neurological manifestations, including cognitive impairment and peripheral neuropathy, are common in HCV patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic HCV infection.
  • To investigate the role of immune responses, inflammation, and viral neurotoxicity in HCV-associated nervous system dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HCV pathogenesis and extrahepatic manifestations.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms including immune complex formation, cytokine dysregulation, and direct viral effects on neurons.

Main Results:

  • HCV infection triggers immune responses leading to immune complexes, cryoglobulins, and autoantibodies, contributing to nervous system dysfunction.
  • Circulating inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and direct HCV replication in neurons are key factors affecting the nervous system.
  • HCV is associated with sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy, mixed cryoglobulinemia, and increased stroke risk.
  • The brain is a site for HCV replication, where the virus can exert direct neurotoxicity.
  • Pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders involves metabolic derangements, autoimmune processes, inflammation, and neurotransmitter alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic HCV infection has significant neurological and neuropsychiatric implications.
  • Multiple mechanisms, including immune dysregulation and direct viral effects, contribute to these complications.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand HCV's impact on the nervous system and identify specific antiviral targets.