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Survival probability in self immolation attempters: a prospective observational cohort study
Mehdi Moradinazar1, Saeed Amini2, Mohammadreza Baneshi2
1Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Summary
Self-immolation survival rates are low, with over 60% mortality. High burn percentage (over 70%) significantly increases mortality risk, necessitating rapid hospitalization for affected patients.
Area of Science:
- Medical Research
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Self-immolation represents a violent suicide method prevalent in developing nations.
- Understanding survival rates and influencing factors is crucial for intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the survival rate of self-immolation patients.
- To identify key factors impacting survival in this population.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective study assessed patients who died or were hospitalized for intentional burns in Kermanshah province (2010-2013).
- Data were collected from legal medicine records and a hospital burn center.
- Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression.
Main Results:
- 446 self-immolation attempts were recorded, with 83% female victims.
- A mortality rate of 61.8% was observed.
- The median survival time was 47±5 days; survival rates at 1 day, 1 week, and 21 days were 86%, 52%, and 38%, respectively.
- Burn percentage was the strongest predictor of survival, with over 70% burns increasing mortality risk 17-fold compared to less than 30% burns.
Conclusions:
- Burn percentage is the most significant risk factor for self-immolation mortality.
- Prompt hospitalization is critical for patients with extensive burns to improve survival outcomes.