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Buoyant Nanoparticles: Implications for Nano-Biointeractions in Cellular Studies.

C Y Watson1, G M DeLoid1, A Pal1

  • 1Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Buoyant nanoparticles in cell culture media can lead to underestimated toxicity. This study introduces an inverted culture method to accurately assess nanoparticle (NP) safety and bioactivity.

Keywords:
dosimetryengineered nanomaterialsnanomedicinenanotoxicology

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterial safety assessment
  • In vitro toxicology
  • Nanoparticle kinetics

Background:

  • Nanoparticle (NP) kinetics are crucial for accurate in vitro safety and efficacy assessments.
  • Buoyancy of certain NPs in culture media can alter transport, deposition, and underestimate toxicity.
  • Current methods may fail to account for NP buoyancy, impacting hazard ranking and nanomedicine efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of nanoparticle buoyancy on in vitro toxicity and bioactivity assessments.
  • To determine the size distribution, effective density, and fate of buoyant polypropylene NPs.
  • To develop and validate a novel inverted cell culture system for accurate buoyant NP dose-response studies.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of buoyant nanoparticle (polypropylene) size distribution and effective density.
  • Development of an inverted 96-well cell culture platform for buoyant NP exposure.
  • Comparative assessment of dose-toxicity responses in human macrophages using conventional and inverted systems.

Main Results:

  • Buoyant nanoparticles exhibited altered transport and deposition in conventional culture systems.
  • Conventional systems showed no adverse effects, while the inverted system revealed dose-dependent decreases in macrophage viability.
  • The inverted system demonstrated increased reactive oxygen species production with increasing NP concentration.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle buoyancy is a critical, often overlooked factor in in vitro hazard screening.
  • The developed inverted culture system provides a standardized methodology for accurate assessment of buoyant NP toxicity.
  • Accurate dosimetry and hazard assessment require accounting for NP buoyancy in in vitro studies.